Human Bullous Pemphigoid Antigen (BPAGl)

Bullous pemphigoid antigens are defined as the autoantigens in a blistering skin disease, bullous pemphigoid. One of them, a 230-kDa protein (BPAGl), is associated with hemidesmosomes, attachment complexes at the basal keratinocyte-lamina lucida interface within the dermal-epidermal basement membrane zone. The precise functions and cellular compartmentalization of BPAGl are unknown. In this study, a human keratinocyte Xgtl 1 cDNA library was creened for clones corresponding to BPAG1. The composite of overlapping cDNAs delineated 8,930 base pairs of nucleotide sequences that contained an open reading frame encoding 2,649 amino acids. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences predicted a putative signal peptide of 43 amino acids and the presence of a membrane-associated sequence of 17 amino acids. Several potential sites for N-glycosylation, as well as for protein kinase C or CAMPand cGMP-dependent protein kinase-mediated phosphorylation were identified. Three peptide segments were predicted to be highly antigenic, potentially serving as epitopes for the formation of autoantibodies. Eight repeat segments of 38 residues each with a high degree of homology with sequences in desmoplakin I, a component of desmosomal cytoplasmic plaques, were detected in the carboxyl-terminal end of the molecule. In addition, the presence of three subdomains characterized by heptad repeats predicted an a-helical coiled coil dimer structure in the central portion of the protein. These data suggest that BPAGl may be a membrane-associated protein that plays a role in the attachment of basal keratinocytes to the underlying basement membrane.